When it comes to protecting your skin from the sun, you may have heard the terms sunblock and sunscreen used interchangeably. But what’s the difference? Are they just different names for the same thing? And did you know that in the United States, the term “sunblock” is no longer officially used in product labeling? Here’s an overview to help you understand these terms so you can make the best choice for your skin.
Sunblock vs. Sunscreen: Key Differences
Both provide protection against UV radiation, but they function differently based on their active ingredients and how they interact with the skin.
Sunscreen (Chemical Sunscreen)
Sunscreen traditionally refers to chemical ingredients that absorb UV radiation before it can penetrate the skin.
- How It Works: Absorbs UV radiation before it penetrates the skin, converting it into heat that is then released.
- Active Ingredients: Avobenzone, oxybenzone, octinoxate, octocrylene, homosalate, octisalate, and ensulizole.
- Protection: Provides broad-spectrum defense against UVB rays (which cause sunburn) and UVA rays (which contribute to skin aging and cancer).
- Feel on Skin: Lightweight and transparent; easily blends into the skin.
- Cons: Some chemical sunscreens may irritate sensitive skin and require more frequent reapplication, especially when exposed to water or sweat.
Sunblock (Mineral Sunscreen)
Sunblock traditionally referred to physical (or mineral) sunscreens that create a protective barrier on the skin, reflecting UV rays instead of absorbing them.
- How It Works: Uses zinc oxide or titanium dioxide to create a physical barrier on the skin that reflects and scatters UV rays.
- Protection: Broad-spectrum protection against both UVA and UVB rays.
- Feel on Skin: Tends to be thicker and may leave a slight white cast, especially on darker skin tones.
- Cons: May feel heavier than chemical sunscreens and require thorough blending.
Why “Sunblock” Is No Longer an Official Term in the U.S.
Since 2011, in the United States, the FDA (Food and Drug Administration) no longer permits the term “sunblock” on product labels. This is because it suggests complete UV protection, which no sunscreen can provide. Instead, all UV protection products are now labeled as sunscreens to ensure consumers understand that while they are effective, they do not block 100% of UV radiation.
Additionally, the FDA regulates sunscreens as over-the-counter drugs, which is why some U.S. schools restrict students from bringing or applying sunscreen without a doctor’s note. As a result, products formerly labeled as sunblock are now marketed as mineral or physical sunscreens—a more accurate description of how they function.
Chemical vs. Mineral Sunscreens: Which Is Better?
With “sunblock” no longer in use, the primary choice is between chemical sunscreens and mineral (physical) sunscreens. Here’s how they compare:
Chemical Sunscreens
- Best For: Daily wear, lightweight feel, blending easily under makeup.
- How They Work: Absorb UV rays and convert them into heat.
- Reef Safety: Some ingredients, like oxybenzone and octinoxate, are restricted in certain locations due to their environmental impact on coral reefs.
Mineral Sunscreens
- Best For: Sensitive skin, kids, those prone to irritation.
- How They Work: Create a physical barrier that reflects UV rays.
- Eco-Friendly: Generally reef-safe and preferred for marine environments.
Dermatologists recommend using a broad-spectrum sunscreen with at least SPF 30 or higher—regardless of whether it’s chemical or mineral—to ensure complete protection against both UVA and UVB rays.
Which Type of Sunscreen Should You Choose?
The best sunscreen is the one you wear consistently. Choosing the right formula depends on your skin type, lifestyle, and personal preferences:
- Sensitive or Acne-Prone Skin: Mineral sunscreens are less likely to irritate and are ideal for conditions like eczema or rosacea.
- Everyday Use: Chemical sunscreens are lightweight and blend easily, making them ideal for daily wear with makeup.
- Outdoor Activities: Choose a water-resistant formula and reapply every two hours when swimming or sweating.
How to Apply Sunscreen Effectively
Regardless of which sunscreen you choose, proper application is key to getting full protection:
- Apply Generously – Use about one ounce (a shot glass full) for your entire body and two to three finger lengths for your face and neck.
- Apply Before Going Outside – Sunscreen needs 15 minutes to absorb and activate before sun exposure.
- Reapply Often – Reapply every two hours, especially after swimming, sweating, or towel drying.
The Bottom Line: Sunscreen, Not Sunblock, Is Your Best Defense
While “sunblock” is no longer used in product labeling, both chemical and mineral sunscreens effectively protect against UV damage. Choosing the right sunscreen—and applying it correctly—is essential for keeping your skin healthy and safe.
By understanding the differences between chemical and mineral sunscreens, you can find the best option for your skin type and lifestyle, ensuring reliable protection every time you step outside.
Live well under the sun!
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