Melanoma, the most serious form of skin cancer, is on the rise across the United States. Certain cities and states report significantly higher rates of melanoma, often due to environmental and lifestyle factors. According to research published in the International Journal of Cancer, ultraviolet (UV) radiation—primarily from sun exposure—is linked to 91% of all melanoma cases in the U.S.
While sunny beach destinations are commonly associated with UV risks, some of the highest melanoma rates come from unexpected places, such as high-altitude regions. Let’s explore why melanoma rates are higher in certain areas and how to protect your skin, no matter where you live.
Why Are Melanoma Rates Higher in Certain States?
Some states face disproportionately high melanoma rates due to year-round sun exposure, high elevations, and lifestyle factors that increase UV exposure. Here’s a look at the states with the highest melanoma rates and what makes them stand out:
- Hawaii: With 97% of melanoma cases linked to UV exposure, Hawaii leads the nation in sun-attributed melanoma rates. Its tropical climate and outdoor lifestyle make sun protection a daily necessity.
- Utah: At high altitudes, UV radiation is less filtered, intensifying its effects. Utah’s mountainous terrain and outdoor activities contribute to its second-highest rate of UV-attributed melanoma cases at 95%.
- Florida: Florida’s sunny weather and beach culture make it a year-round melanoma hotspot. The high UV index and outdoor activities underscore the importance of daily sunscreen use.
- California: From the sunny beaches to outdoor sports, California residents are exposed to higher cumulative UV exposure over time, especially in southern regions.
- Vermont and Minnesota: Despite their cooler climates, these states report high melanoma rates due to their fair-skinned populations and seasonal sun exposure. The lack of consistent sun protection habits exacerbates the issue.
- Colorado: With 20 to 30% more UV radiation than areas at sea level, Colorado’s elevation and active outdoor culture make it a hotspot for melanoma.
- Idaho: Like Utah and Colorado, Idaho’s high altitude and outdoor lifestyle put residents at increased risk of UV-related melanoma.
U.S. Cities with the Highest Melanoma Rates
Within these states, certain cities stand out as melanoma hotspots due to unique environmental factors and lifestyle patterns:
- Denver, Colorado: Known as the “Mile-High City,” Denver’s altitude amplifies UV intensity by 25%. Outdoor enthusiasts in Denver face significant melanoma risks without proper protection.
- Salt Lake City, Utah: With high elevation and an active outdoor lifestyle, Salt Lake City residents often underestimate the sun’s intensity, particularly during cooler months.
- Honolulu, Hawaii: Honolulu’s tropical weather and beach culture result in year-round UV exposure, increasing the likelihood of sun-related melanoma.
- Miami, Florida: The combination of sunny weather and a vibrant outdoor lifestyle makes Miami a high-risk area for prolonged UV exposure.
- Boise, Idaho: Boise’s mix of high altitude and outdoor activities like skiing and hiking contributes to elevated melanoma rates.
- San Diego, California: San Diego’s sunny climate and vibrant, outdoor-focused lifestyle make it a hotspot for melanoma cases. Popular activities like surfing, hiking, and beach outings often result in extended sun exposure, underscoring the need for consistent sun protection measures.
Reasons Why These Locations Are Vulnerable
Common factors in these high-risk areas include:
- Altitude: Higher elevations mean less atmospheric filtration of UV rays, resulting in stronger sun exposure.
- Year-Round UV Exposure: In states like Hawaii, Florida, and California, daily UV exposure accumulates, even during seemingly mild seasons.
- Lifestyle Choices: Cities and states with active, outdoor cultures often see more UV exposure, whether on sunny beaches or snowy mountains.
Understanding these risks helps highlight the importance of year-round sun protection, no matter where you live or travel.
The Rising Risk of Melanoma: Key Statistics
Research reveals some significant—and often surprising—statistics about melanoma in the U.S.:
- By 2030, melanoma is expected to account for 7.1% of all cancers diagnosed in the U.S., up from 5.5% currently, equating to about 151,000 new cases annually.
- Men are more likely than women to develop melanoma, except for those under age 50, where younger women are at higher risk, possibly due to factors like tanning bed use.
- Sun protection statistics reveal concerning trends, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), in 2020, only 12.3% of men and 29.0% of women aged 18 and over always used sunscreen when outside for more than an hour on a sunny day.
6 Sun Protection Tips for High-Risk Areas
Whether you live in or visit these melanoma hotspots, consistent sun protection is key. Here’s how to reduce your risk:
- Daily Sunscreen: Broad-spectrum sunscreen with at least SPF 30 should be part of your daily routine, rain or shine. UV rays are present even on cloudy days, and high altitudes amplify their strength. Apply sunscreen to all exposed skin, and reapply every two hours if you’re outdoors for long periods.
- UPF Clothing: Ultraviolet Protection Factor (UPF) clothing provides a reliable barrier without needing reapplication. Whether it’s a lightweight long-sleeve shirt, wide-brimmed hat, or sun-protective pants, UPF-rated clothing is essential for outdoor enthusiasts and those in high UV areas.
- Check the UV Index: Make it a habit to check the daily UV index, especially if you’re heading outdoors. On days when the UV index is high, seek shade, wear UPF clothing, and reapply sunscreen more frequently.
- Plan Around Peak Sun Hours: The sun is strongest between 10 a.m. and 4 p.m. If possible, schedule outdoor activities in the early morning or late afternoon. This is particularly important in high-altitude or high-UV areas where sun intensity can be deceptively strong.
- Wear Sunglasses: Protect your eyes with sunglasses that block 100% of UVA and UVB rays. This simple habit reduces the risk of UV damage to your eyes and lowers your risk of developing ocular melanoma.
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Regular Skin Checks: Early detection is key in preventing melanoma from progressing. Conduct monthly self-exams to spot any new or changing moles, and schedule annual screenings with a dermatologist.
The Bottom Line
Melanoma isn’t limited to sunny beaches—it’s also prevalent in high-altitude areas and regions with intense UV exposure. By understanding the risks and adopting consistent sun protection habits, you can significantly reduce your risk of developing melanoma. Whether through daily sunscreen use, UPF clothing, or regular skin checks, protecting your skin is a lifelong investment in your health.
Live well under the sun!
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